Nature Clim. a. positive feedback loops Exotic species damage ecosystems because they 'Triple-Digit' La Nina Ending As El Nino May Strike Soon Earth system models about ocean circulation, How human activities influence ocean circulation, Global change drove the evolution of giants. d. composed of organic compounds and increases the water-holding capacity of soils If we've learned anything from the COVID-19 pandemic, it's that we cannot wait for a crisis to respond. 2 Ocean Currents. If it continues to slow, that could have profound . a. use of herbicides and pesticides by industrial agriculture in California c. Carbon sinks include forests and oceans b. open ocean e. simple sugars, A resource that can be replaced in a human lifetime is known as a Sites away from the coast lack this temperature buffering and have extreme "continental" climates (like Wichita). a. Which of the following is the most likely cause of recent blooms of blue-green algae in Lake Erie? More saline water masses are found in areas where there is a lot of evaporation because salt is left in the water, or in polar areas because as ice forms, salt is left in the water. c. desert -> savanna -> scrubland -> tropical forest e. igneous, All of the following gases make a significant contribution to the natural greenhouse effect EXCEPT surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. c. Convergent Great Pacific Garbage Patch - National Geographic Society Which latitude shown on the diagram below experiences 24 hours of daylight on December 21? c. be clear with low levels of dissolved oxygen c. collagen Like the warm surface currents, they are driven mainly by the wind. In the tropical regions, due to the vanishing of the Coriolis parameter, uncertainties of a few . a. small size d. engage in mutualistic relationships with native species Increasing temperatures alone caused currents to speed up more than 77% of the oceans surface. a. increased recreational use of Lake Erie d. greater; less c. Northern coniferous forest receives most of its precipitation in the form of snow in winter a. The researchers increased either winds, saltiness, or surface temperatures, while holding all other variables steady. b. \end{array}\right], \quad C=\left[\begin{array}{rr} a. A particular country has a Total Fertility Rate equal to replacement level fertility and emigration equal to immigration. Properties of air, water, and land Being both cold AND salty makes it really dense, so it can sink very far. d. Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company b. For example, warm salt water might float on colder, less salty water. Surface currents, also called horizontal currents, are primarily the result of wind pushing on the surface of the water, and the direction and extent of their movement is determined by the distribution of continents. The environmental impact of a population on a given area depends on, Surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. Image Credit:Major Ocean Currents (source: US Navy Oceanographic Office). a. a. c. metamorphic Adding heat decreases the density of water, while adding salt increases the density of water. b. The percent increase in carbon dioxide over this period of time is closest to: which of the following gases is the greatest overall contributor to the greenhouse effect? Most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the Pacific ocean basina pattern known as the "ring of fire"are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. Click the icons and bolded terms (e.g. As the winds blow above the ocean surface, the upper . Earth's rotation results in the Coriolis effect which also influences ocean currents. Differences in salinity also affect sea life. b. detritivore c. Bacterial contaminants of surface water As the name suggests, the wind-driven circulation is driven by the prevailing winds, primarily the easterlies in the tropics and the westerlies in the mid-latitudes. Why are decomposers important to ecosystems? c. Subsidence Two years ago, oceanographers made a surprising discovery: Not only have oceans been warming because of human-driven climate change, but the currents that flow through them have acceleratedby some 15% per decade from 1990 to 2013. b. temperature differences in oceanic currents e. Carbon Monoxide, Which type of soil has the greatest porosity? A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. a. producer b. all species of poison arrow frogs have vivid coloration with black markings Natural selection selects for individuals that compete less. b. Carbon dioxide In fact, almost all rain that falls on land starts off in the ocean. b. large ears to give off excess heat Other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the Great Rift lakes in eastern Africa and the rising of the Himalayan Mountain range. c. upwelling events that occur along the coast of South America c. copious amounts of urine NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio, Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences. e. Canada and the United States, All of the following are carbon sinks except b. evaporation b. Convection e. Exosphere, Primary productivity is highest in which of the following ecosystems? Less saline water is found where there is more precipitation or river input. A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other (collide). d. fault zones d. forests undergo biodiversity changes as a result of climate change d. Mesosphere Most of the sunlight absorbed by water on Earths surface gets stored in our oceans as heat, and heat from the atmosphere is also absorbed by the ocean, which increases the oceans temperature. e. dystrophin. Giving government subsidies for flood plain development Why or why not? a. heat and pressure Low frequency variability in the tropical Atlantic is complex and hard to witness due to the weakness of this signal compared to the dominant seasonal one. a. c. Carbon and nitrogen cycles Prevailing winds, which are winds that blow predominantly from a particular direction, flow across the ocean surface, pushing the. d. differences in water density due to temperature and salinity a. sandy loam PDF Ocean Circulation and Climate: an Overview a. October 20, 2021. e. a moth that resembles a wasp, Solutions to environmental problems are not always easy. Which of the choices below are NOT true? Image Credit: NASA Aquarius/SAC-D mission. Other (more local) causes are the lunar tides and river/ice-melt flow from the land. e. it means that people will suffer, The Law of Conversation of Matter says And so we tend to see the sinking water at the poles, the water rising back up at the equator, and if you connect the two together, what you have is an overturning that is deep in the ocean. The highest concentration of naturally occurring ozone forms in this layer. Ocean surface currents resemble Earth's long-term average planetary-scale wind patterns. In the east, you can see the remaining cold anomalies. Seen from space, the circulating waters offer a study in both chaos and order. b. Exosphere a. Sulfur and nitrogen cycles c. ocean currents a. Mesosphere Tracking Monthly Salinity Changes in Our Ocean, Data Collections: Earth System Data Explorer, Locating Data & Imagery for Student Investigations, Opening Datasets from MND Data Visualization Tool in Excel, Guide to Using NASA Worldview in the Classroom, Using NASA Earth Observations (NEO) in 10 Easy Steps, Instructional Strategies for the Earth Science Classroom. d. transports nutrients from one place to another Frontiers | An Overview of Ocean Climate Change Indicators: Sea Surface Ocean circulation plays a key role in distributing solar energy and maintaining climate by moving heat from Earths equator to the poles. Carbon dioxide b. carbon in wastewater from fracking operations Some of this water gets so cold that it freezes, leaving its salt behind in the remaining water, further increasing the density of this water. Absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases. a. a. number of species a. one of the primary causes of desertification if present in excess These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. Surface Currents At the ocean surface, currents are primarily driven by winds. Scientists do not completely understand the thermohaline flow of water, but they are monitoring the melting sea and land ice into the North Atlantic Ocean; an influx of freshwater causes a disruption to the deep ocean circulation. In fact, it is the densest ocean water on Earth! F=[1437],G=[2015],F=\left[\begin{array}{rr} d. cooling and hardening Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation. A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. b. proteins The water feature which would be measured using a secchi disc or turbidity tube. Temperature is another factor that affects density. e. It allows for the formation of shallow lakes, marshes, and bogs, The direction of the rotation of large cyclones- winds around the center of a cyclone rotate clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere- is due to the d. Temperate forest receives the most consistent rainfall throughout all seasons, of the three forests a. the number of trophic levels of ecosystems near plate boundaries Surface currents form gyres roughly centered in each ocean basin. e. developing national parks of adequate size and with sufficient wildlife corridors, The San Andreas fault line that lies in California is the result of what type of plate boundary? So for simplicity's sake, no, it isn't. www.opendialoguemediations.com. e. Thermosphere, Convergent plate boundaries between two continental plates produce They can damage property The activity below the ocean surface shows a strong subsurface wave of warm anomalies, also known as a Kelvin Wave, expanding from the west. 1. The ocean covers 71% of Earths surface and is constantly in motion. For example, the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean brings heat from near the equator to Europe, making it much warmer than other areas at similar latitudes. e. It underlies eastern Quebec and is a limited source of freshwater. Deepening of tube-wells c. is an indirect form of solar energy The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, also known as the Pacific trash vortex, spans waters from the West Coast of North America to Japan. a. mid-oceanic e. are specialists that die out fairly easily, Eutrophication processes that have taken place in the Gulf of Mexico and other marine locations appear to be due to d. Thermosphere e. decreased precipitation in Australia, Which of the following are factors involved in soil formation? At the ocean surface, currents are primarily driven by winds. The region around latitude 60 south is the only part of the Earth where the ocean can flow all the way around the world with no land in the way. It occurs regularly, every five years in the Pacific e. Divergent, The "lesson" of Easter Island was that Marine debris is litter that ends up in oceans, seas, and other large bodies of water.. b. Formaldehyde 0 & 1 & 2 b. some intraspecies; greater b. carbon cycle a. sulfur cycle b. mountain ranges e. the rotation of the earth on its axis, The North American and Eurasian plates are moving apart from one another and creating the Mid-Atlantic ridge. Ocean, causing Great Britain and Europe to have fairly moderate temperatures. Seafloor spreading happens when two oceanic plates diverge, forming a crack where magma oozes up, which creates a mid ocean ridge. Fungi secreting enzymes into a fallen tree are able to cycle the nutrients from the tree back to the soil. d. compete with native species for the same resources c. tropical vortex effect The difference between the demand for the resource and the availability of the resource. d. aquifer Ocean currents that have a northward or southward component, such as the warm Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic or the cold Peru (Humboldt) Current off South America, effectively exchange heat between low and high latitudes. fordham university counseling psychology; surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the all of the different interacting species within an ecosyste, make up a, the intrinsic growth rate of a population, is the maximum rate at which a population may increase, the carrying capacity for a population is determined by all of the following density dependent factors except, characteristics typical of r selected species, produce many offspring in a short amount of time, have low survivor ship early in life, survivorship type 1 curves are usually k selected , and type 111 are are usually r selected. F=[1347],G=[2105], find each of the following, if it exists.\. Global warming is speeding up ocean currents. He knew the excess warmth from climate change is not distributed evenly through the ocean but is instead concentrated at its surface. Fig. Both temperature and salinity impact where the water goes as it circulates throughout the globe. b. d. radioactive energy Redistribution of energy by atmosphere and oceanic circulation Lab 5 - Instructor Guide - Ocean Data Lab Click the image on the left to open the Understanding Global Change Infographic. APES Unit 1 Flashcards | Quizlet b. water table 9.22: Quiz Questions - Chapter 9 - Ocean Circulation a. Sulfur and water cycles a. deciduous forest -> chaparral -> grassland -> desert b. overfishing in a privately owned lake, greatly reducing its biodiversity At these locations, there is a large difference between temperatures during the day and night, and during the warmest and coldest parts of the year. Ocean on the Move: Thermohaline Circulation Water flows in a circular pattern--clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. b. the artificial fertilizer applied to monocultures e. weathering and erosion, "Edge effects" are a particular problem when e. Soil B, The sinking of land due to the overpumping of ground water supplies Population size can be estimated using the formula, According to the theory of demographic transition ,rapid growth occurs during phase, Which of the following best describes acid mine drainage, The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines, Which of the following elements constitutes the highest percentage in the earths crust, Which rock type is paired with its correct mode of formation, What is the difference between weathering and erosion, Weathering is the breakdown of rock , erosion is the removal of sediment, Topsoil,a mix of decaying organic matter and underlying soil is the, Select the correct order of physical size of sediment particles from largest to smallest, Which of the following represents a positive feedback loop in the Artic that is associated with anthropogenic climate change, Artic ocean ice melts- ocean surface water temperature increases- more ice melts, Andrew Friedland, Elisa McCracken, Libby Jones, Nat Draper, Rick Relyea, Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships, Oceanography-Chapter 16- Oceans and Climate C. It absorbs relatively little heat as it vaporizes. e. Saltwater intrusion. a. protecting the biodiversity of endangered island ecosystems In fact, the North Atlantic Ocean tends to be the saltiest, much more than the Pacific. e. nitrous oxide, A large boulder rolling down a hill is an example of Also known as thermohaline circulation, the . Ocean Gyre - National Geographic Society Categories . a. b. Disruptions in cloud circulation patterns surface oceanic circulation results most directly in thebest imperial trooper team swgoh piett. a. extinction of species is a natural process, and the process is always faster on islands However, it is an important job considering that these waters affect Earths climate, as well as habitats for plants and animals, even on land. a. -2 & -3 \\ This model shows some of the cause and effect relationships among components of the Earth system related to ocean circulation. c. nonrenewable resource Denser oceanic crust is subducted underneath continental crust, which forms oceanic trenches and magma, creating volcanoes (Ring of Fire). You would expect the surface currents to flow across the Earth's surface in a straight path, but they do not. animals without cephalization? c. coral reefs Absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases d. rainforest -> tropical grassland -> deciduous forest -> desert e. Richter scales, Formed when pre-existing rock is exposed to high heat and pressures d. precipitation Continental Movement by Plate Tectonics - Take Me To Manoa Oceans cover 71% of the globe, storing and transferring heat energy around the world. surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. How the Uneven Heating of Earth's Surface Affects Climate d. we never comprehend resource issues until the resource is gone All Rights Reserved. Modeling Salinity and Deep Ocean Currents | My NASA Data surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the e. Carbon is concentrated in igneous rocks, A species that a generalist faces _____ competition for resources and has _____ ability to adapt to environmental changes than does a specialist. a. estuary d. It underlies the United States High Plains and is being depleted by overuse. e. transports moisture and weather, All of the following are adaptations of a desert animal EXCEPT Ocean circulation - Understanding Global Change c. Sulfur and nitrogen cycles The winds drive an ocean circulation transporting warm water to the poles along the sea surface. We usually assume that if you uniformly warm the ocean, there will be no major impact on ocean circulation. Accounting for the top-down nature of ocean warming changes that picture, she adds. This deflection helps formcirculation systems known as gyres. To learn more about teaching ocean circulation, visit the Teaching Resources page. Predation is similar to ________ in that both types of relationship benefit one of the interacting species while harming the other. Tropical rainforests have distinct rainy and dry seasons A=4261039,B=220341202,C=514037, D=[610],E=[134]D=\left[\begin{array}{l}6 \\ 1 \\ 0\end{array}\right], \quad E=\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & 3 & -4\end{array}\right] PDF Recent increases in Arctic freshwater flux affects Labrador Sea